"""Utilities for defining Python tests. The module is private and subject to frequent
change without notice.

"""

# pylint: disable=invalid-name,missing-function-docstring
import importlib.util
import os
import platform
import queue
import socket
import sys
import threading
from contextlib import contextmanager
from io import StringIO
from platform import system
from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    Dict,
    Generator,
    List,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    Set,
    Tuple,
    TypedDict,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
)

import numpy as np
import pytest
from scipy import sparse

import xgboost as xgb
from xgboost import RabitTracker
from xgboost.core import ArrayLike
from xgboost.sklearn import SklObjective

from .._typing import PathLike
from .data import (
    IteratorForTest,
    get_california_housing,
    get_cancer,
    get_digits,
    get_sparse,
    make_batches,
    make_categorical,
    make_sparse_regression,
)

hypothesis = pytest.importorskip("hypothesis")

# pylint:disable=wrong-import-position,wrong-import-order
from hypothesis import strategies
from hypothesis.extra.numpy import arrays

datasets = pytest.importorskip("sklearn.datasets")

PytestSkip = TypedDict("PytestSkip", {"condition": bool, "reason": str})


def has_ipv6() -> bool:
    """Check whether IPv6 is enabled on this host."""
    # connection error in macos, still need some fixes.
    if system() not in ("Linux", "Windows"):
        return False

    if socket.has_ipv6:
        try:
            with socket.socket(
                socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM
            ) as server, socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as client:
                server.bind(("::1", 0))
                port = server.getsockname()[1]
                server.listen()

                client.connect(("::1", port))
                conn, _ = server.accept()

                client.sendall("abc".encode())
                msg = conn.recv(3).decode()
                # if the code can be executed to this point, the message should be
                # correct.
                assert msg == "abc"
            return True
        except OSError:
            pass
    return False


def no_mod(name: str) -> PytestSkip:
    spec = importlib.util.find_spec(name)
    return {"condition": spec is None, "reason": f"{name} is not installed."}


def no_ipv6() -> PytestSkip:
    """PyTest skip mark for IPv6."""
    return {"condition": not has_ipv6(), "reason": "IPv6 is required to be enabled."}


def not_linux() -> PytestSkip:
    return {"condition": system() != "Linux", "reason": "Linux is required."}


def no_ubjson() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("ubjson")


def no_sklearn() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("sklearn")


def no_dask() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("dask")


def no_loky() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("loky")


def no_dask_ml() -> PytestSkip:
    if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
        return {"reason": "Unsupported platform.", "condition": True}
    return no_mod("dask_ml")


def no_spark() -> PytestSkip:
    if sys.platform.startswith("win") or sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):
        return {"reason": "Unsupported platform.", "condition": True}
    return no_mod("pyspark")


def no_pandas() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("pandas")


def no_arrow() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("pyarrow")


def no_polars() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("polars")


def no_modin() -> PytestSkip:
    try:
        import modin.pandas as md

        md.DataFrame([[1, 2.0, True], [2, 3.0, False]], columns=["a", "b", "c"])

    except ImportError:
        return {"reason": "Failed import modin.", "condition": True}
    return {"reason": "Failed import modin.", "condition": True}


def no_matplotlib() -> PytestSkip:
    reason = "Matplotlib is not installed."
    try:
        import matplotlib.pyplot as _  # noqa

        return {"condition": False, "reason": reason}
    except ImportError:
        return {"condition": True, "reason": reason}


def no_dask_cuda() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("dask_cuda")


def no_cudf() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("cudf")


def no_cupy() -> PytestSkip:
    skip_cupy = no_mod("cupy")
    if not skip_cupy["condition"] and system() == "Windows":
        import cupy as cp

        # Cupy might run into issue on Windows due to missing compiler
        try:
            cp.array([1, 2, 3]).sum()
        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            skip_cupy["condition"] = True
    return skip_cupy


def no_dask_cudf() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("dask_cudf")


def no_json_schema() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("jsonschema")


def no_graphviz() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("graphviz")


def no_rmm() -> PytestSkip:
    return no_mod("rmm")


def no_multiple(*args: Any) -> PytestSkip:
    condition = False
    reason = ""
    for arg in args:
        condition = condition or arg["condition"]
        if arg["condition"]:
            reason = arg["reason"]
            break
    return {"condition": condition, "reason": reason}


def skip_win() -> PytestSkip:
    return {"reason": "Unsupported platform.", "condition": is_windows()}


def make_regression(
    n_samples: int, n_features: int, use_cupy: bool
) -> Tuple[ArrayLike, ArrayLike, ArrayLike]:
    """Make a simple regression dataset."""
    X, y, w = make_batches(n_samples, n_features, 1, use_cupy)
    return X[0], y[0], w[0]


def make_batches_sparse(
    n_samples_per_batch: int, n_features: int, n_batches: int, sparsity: float
) -> Tuple[List[sparse.csr_matrix], List[np.ndarray], List[np.ndarray]]:
    X = []
    y = []
    w = []
    rng = np.random.RandomState(1994)
    for _ in range(n_batches):
        _X = sparse.random(
            n_samples_per_batch,
            n_features,
            1.0 - sparsity,
            format="csr",
            dtype=np.float32,
            random_state=rng,
        )
        _y = rng.randn(n_samples_per_batch)
        _w = rng.uniform(low=0, high=1, size=n_samples_per_batch)
        X.append(_X)
        y.append(_y)
        w.append(_w)
    return X, y, w


class TestDataset:
    """Contains a dataset in numpy format as well as the relevant objective and metric."""

    def __init__(
        self, name: str, get_dataset: Callable, objective: str, metric: str
    ) -> None:
        self.name = name
        self.objective = objective
        self.metric = metric
        self.X, self.y = get_dataset()
        self.w: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
        self.margin: Optional[np.ndarray] = None

    def set_params(self, params_in: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        params_in["objective"] = self.objective
        params_in["eval_metric"] = self.metric
        if self.objective == "multi:softmax":
            params_in["num_class"] = int(np.max(self.y) + 1)
        return params_in

    def get_dmat(self) -> xgb.DMatrix:
        return xgb.DMatrix(
            self.X,
            self.y,
            weight=self.w,
            base_margin=self.margin,
            enable_categorical=True,
        )

    def get_device_dmat(self, max_bin: Optional[int]) -> xgb.QuantileDMatrix:
        import cupy as cp

        w = None if self.w is None else cp.array(self.w)
        X = cp.array(self.X, dtype=np.float32)
        y = cp.array(self.y, dtype=np.float32)
        return xgb.QuantileDMatrix(
            X, y, weight=w, base_margin=self.margin, max_bin=max_bin
        )

    def get_external_dmat(self) -> xgb.DMatrix:
        n_samples = self.X.shape[0]
        n_batches = 10
        per_batch = n_samples // n_batches + 1

        predictor = []
        response = []
        weight = []
        for i in range(n_batches):
            beg = i * per_batch
            end = min((i + 1) * per_batch, n_samples)
            assert end != beg
            X = self.X[beg:end, ...]
            y = self.y[beg:end]
            w = self.w[beg:end] if self.w is not None else None
            predictor.append(X)
            response.append(y)
            if w is not None:
                weight.append(w)

        it = IteratorForTest(
            predictor,
            response,
            weight if weight else None,
            cache="cache",
            on_host=False,
        )
        return xgb.DMatrix(it)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self.name


def make_ltr(
    n_samples: int,
    n_features: int,
    n_query_groups: int,
    max_rel: int,
    sort_qid: bool = True,
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """Make a dataset for testing LTR."""
    rng = np.random.default_rng(1994)
    X = rng.normal(0, 1.0, size=n_samples * n_features).reshape(n_samples, n_features)
    y = np.sum(X, axis=1)
    y -= y.min()
    y = np.round(y / y.max() * max_rel).astype(np.int32)

    qid = rng.integers(0, n_query_groups, size=n_samples, dtype=np.int32)
    w = rng.normal(0, 1.0, size=n_query_groups)
    w -= np.min(w)
    w /= np.max(w)
    if sort_qid:
        qid = np.sort(qid)
    return X, y, qid, w


def _cat_sampled_from() -> strategies.SearchStrategy:
    @strategies.composite
    def _make_cat(draw: Callable) -> Tuple[int, int, int, float]:
        n_samples = draw(strategies.integers(2, 512))
        n_features = draw(strategies.integers(1, 4))
        n_cats = draw(strategies.integers(1, 128))
        sparsity = draw(
            strategies.floats(
                min_value=0,
                max_value=1,
                allow_nan=False,
                allow_infinity=False,
                allow_subnormal=False,
            )
        )
        return n_samples, n_features, n_cats, sparsity

    def _build(args: Tuple[int, int, int, float]) -> TestDataset:
        n_samples = args[0]
        n_features = args[1]
        n_cats = args[2]
        sparsity = args[3]
        return TestDataset(
            f"{n_samples}x{n_features}-{n_cats}-{sparsity}",
            lambda: make_categorical(
                n_samples, n_features, n_cats, onehot=False, sparsity=sparsity
            ),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        )

    return _make_cat().map(_build)  # pylint: disable=no-member


categorical_dataset_strategy: strategies.SearchStrategy = _cat_sampled_from()

sparse_datasets_strategy = strategies.sampled_from(
    [
        TestDataset(
            "1e5x8-0.95-csr",
            lambda: make_sparse_regression(int(1e5), 8, 0.95, False),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        ),
        TestDataset(
            "1e5x8-0.5-csr",
            lambda: make_sparse_regression(int(1e5), 8, 0.5, False),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        ),
        TestDataset(
            "1e5x8-0.5-dense",
            lambda: make_sparse_regression(int(1e5), 8, 0.5, True),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        ),
        TestDataset(
            "1e5x8-0.05-csr",
            lambda: make_sparse_regression(int(1e5), 8, 0.05, False),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        ),
        TestDataset(
            "1e5x8-0.05-dense",
            lambda: make_sparse_regression(int(1e5), 8, 0.05, True),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        ),
    ]
)


def make_datasets_with_margin(
    unweighted_strategy: strategies.SearchStrategy,
) -> Callable[[], strategies.SearchStrategy[TestDataset]]:
    """Factory function for creating strategies that generates datasets with weight and
    base margin.

    """

    @strategies.composite
    def weight_margin(draw: Callable) -> TestDataset:
        data: TestDataset = draw(unweighted_strategy)
        if draw(strategies.booleans()):
            data.w = draw(
                arrays(np.float64, (len(data.y)), elements=strategies.floats(0.1, 2.0))
            )
        if draw(strategies.booleans()):
            num_class = 1
            if data.objective == "multi:softmax":
                num_class = int(np.max(data.y) + 1)
            elif data.name.startswith("mtreg"):
                num_class = data.y.shape[1]

            data.margin = draw(
                arrays(
                    np.float64,
                    (data.y.shape[0] * num_class),
                    elements=strategies.floats(0.5, 1.0),
                )
            )
            assert data.margin is not None
            if num_class != 1:
                data.margin = data.margin.reshape(data.y.shape[0], num_class)

        return data

    return weight_margin


# A strategy for drawing from a set of example datasets. May add random weights to the
# dataset
def make_dataset_strategy() -> strategies.SearchStrategy[TestDataset]:
    _unweighted_datasets_strategy = strategies.sampled_from(
        [
            TestDataset(
                "calif_housing", get_california_housing, "reg:squarederror", "rmse"
            ),
            TestDataset(
                "calif_housing-l1", get_california_housing, "reg:absoluteerror", "mae"
            ),
            TestDataset("cancer", get_cancer, "binary:logistic", "logloss"),
            TestDataset("sparse", get_sparse, "reg:squarederror", "rmse"),
            TestDataset("sparse-l1", get_sparse, "reg:absoluteerror", "mae"),
            TestDataset(
                "empty",
                lambda: (np.empty((0, 100)), np.empty(0)),
                "reg:squarederror",
                "rmse",
            ),
        ]
    )
    return make_datasets_with_margin(_unweighted_datasets_strategy)()


_unweighted_multi_datasets_strategy = strategies.sampled_from(
    [
        TestDataset("digits", get_digits, "multi:softmax", "mlogloss"),
        TestDataset(
            "mtreg",
            lambda: datasets.make_regression(n_samples=128, n_features=2, n_targets=3),
            "reg:squarederror",
            "rmse",
        ),
        TestDataset(
            "mtreg-l1",
            lambda: datasets.make_regression(n_samples=128, n_features=2, n_targets=3),
            "reg:absoluteerror",
            "mae",
        ),
    ]
)

# A strategy for drawing from a set of multi-target/multi-class datasets.
multi_dataset_strategy = make_datasets_with_margin(
    _unweighted_multi_datasets_strategy
)()


def non_increasing(L: Sequence[float], tolerance: float = 1e-4) -> bool:
    return all((y - x) < tolerance for x, y in zip(L, L[1:]))


def non_decreasing(L: Sequence[float], tolerance: float = 1e-4) -> bool:
    return all((y - x) >= -tolerance for x, y in zip(L, L[1:]))


def predictor_equal(lhs: xgb.DMatrix, rhs: xgb.DMatrix) -> bool:
    """Assert whether two DMatrices contain the same predictors."""
    lcsr = lhs.get_data()
    rcsr = rhs.get_data()
    return all(
        (
            np.array_equal(lcsr.data, rcsr.data),
            np.array_equal(lcsr.indices, rcsr.indices),
            np.array_equal(lcsr.indptr, rcsr.indptr),
        )
    )


M = TypeVar("M", xgb.Booster, xgb.XGBModel)


def logregobj(preds: np.ndarray, dtrain: xgb.DMatrix) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """Binary regression custom objective."""
    labels = dtrain.get_label()
    preds = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-preds))
    grad = preds - labels
    hess = preds * (1.0 - preds)
    return grad, hess


def eval_error_metric(
    predt: np.ndarray, dtrain: xgb.DMatrix, rev_link: bool
) -> Tuple[str, np.float64]:
    """Evaluation metric for xgb.train.

    Parameters
    ----------
    rev_link : Whether the metric needs to apply the reverse link function (activation).

    """
    label = dtrain.get_label()
    if rev_link:
        predt = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-predt))
    assert (0.0 <= predt).all() and (predt <= 1.0).all()
    r = np.zeros(predt.shape)
    gt = predt > 0.5
    if predt.size == 0:
        return "CustomErr", np.float64(0.0)
    r[gt] = 1 - label[gt]
    le = predt <= 0.5
    r[le] = label[le]
    return "CustomErr", np.sum(r)


def eval_error_metric_skl(
    y_true: np.ndarray, y_score: np.ndarray, rev_link: bool = False
) -> np.float64:
    """Evaluation metric that looks like metrics provided by sklearn."""

    if rev_link:
        y_score = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-y_score))
    assert (0.0 <= y_score).all() and (y_score <= 1.0).all()

    r = np.zeros(y_score.shape)
    gt = y_score > 0.5
    r[gt] = 1 - y_true[gt]
    le = y_score <= 0.5
    r[le] = y_true[le]
    return np.sum(r)


def root_mean_square(y_true: np.ndarray, y_score: np.ndarray) -> float:
    err = y_score - y_true
    rmse = np.sqrt(np.dot(err, err) / y_score.size)
    return rmse


def softmax(x: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    e = np.exp(x)
    return e / np.sum(e)


def softprob_obj(
    classes: int, use_cupy: bool = False, order: str = "C", gdtype: str = "float32"
) -> SklObjective:
    """Custom softprob objective for testing.

    Parameters
    ----------
    use_cupy :
        Whether the objective should return cupy arrays.
    order :
        The order of gradient matrices. "C" or "F".
    gdtype :
        DType for gradient. Hessian is not set. This is for testing asymmetric types.
    """
    if use_cupy:
        import cupy as backend
    else:
        backend = np

    def objective(
        labels: backend.ndarray, predt: backend.ndarray
    ) -> Tuple[backend.ndarray, backend.ndarray]:
        rows = labels.shape[0]
        grad = backend.zeros((rows, classes), dtype=np.float32)
        hess = backend.zeros((rows, classes), dtype=np.float32)
        eps = 1e-6
        for r in range(predt.shape[0]):
            target = labels[r]
            p = softmax(predt[r, :])
            for c in range(predt.shape[1]):
                assert target >= 0 or target <= classes
                g = p[c] - 1.0 if c == target else p[c]
                h = max((2.0 * p[c] * (1.0 - p[c])).item(), eps)
                grad[r, c] = g
                hess[r, c] = h

        grad = grad.reshape((rows, classes))
        hess = hess.reshape((rows, classes))
        grad = backend.require(grad, requirements=order, dtype=gdtype)
        hess = backend.require(hess, requirements=order)
        return grad, hess

    return objective


def ls_obj(
    y_true: np.ndarray, y_pred: np.ndarray, sample_weight: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """Least squared error."""
    grad = y_pred - y_true
    hess = np.ones(len(y_true))
    if sample_weight is not None:
        grad *= sample_weight
        hess *= sample_weight
    return grad, hess


class DirectoryExcursion:
    """Change directory.  Change back and optionally cleaning up the directory when
    exit.

    """

    def __init__(self, path: PathLike, cleanup: bool = False):
        self.path = path
        self.curdir = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(os.path.curdir))
        self.cleanup = cleanup
        self.files: Set[str] = set()

    def __enter__(self) -> None:
        os.chdir(self.path)
        if self.cleanup:
            self.files = {
                os.path.join(root, f)
                for root, subdir, files in os.walk(os.path.expanduser(self.path))
                for f in files
            }

    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
        os.chdir(self.curdir)
        if self.cleanup:
            files = {
                os.path.join(root, f)
                for root, subdir, files in os.walk(os.path.expanduser(self.path))
                for f in files
            }
            diff = files.difference(self.files)
            for f in diff:
                os.remove(f)


@contextmanager
def captured_output() -> Generator[Tuple[StringIO, StringIO], None, None]:
    """Reassign stdout temporarily in order to test printed statements
    Taken from:
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4219717/how-to-assert-output-with-nosetest-unittest-in-python

    Also works for pytest.

    """
    new_out, new_err = StringIO(), StringIO()
    old_out, old_err = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
    try:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = new_out, new_err
        yield sys.stdout, sys.stderr
    finally:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = old_out, old_err


def timeout(sec: int, *args: Any, enable: bool = True, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
    """Make a pytest mark for the `pytest-timeout` package.

    Parameters
    ----------
    sec :
        Timeout seconds.
    enable :
        Control whether timeout should be applied, used for debugging.

    Returns
    -------
    pytest.mark.timeout
    """

    if enable:
        return pytest.mark.timeout(sec, *args, **kwargs)
    return pytest.mark.timeout(None, *args, **kwargs)


def setup_rmm_pool(_: Any, pytestconfig: pytest.Config) -> None:
    if pytestconfig.getoption("--use-rmm-pool"):
        if no_rmm()["condition"]:
            raise ImportError("The --use-rmm-pool option requires the RMM package")
        if no_dask_cuda()["condition"]:
            raise ImportError(
                "The --use-rmm-pool option requires the dask_cuda package"
            )
        import rmm
        from dask_cuda.utils import get_n_gpus

        rmm.reinitialize(
            pool_allocator=True,
            initial_pool_size=1024 * 1024 * 1024,
            devices=list(range(get_n_gpus())),
        )


def demo_dir(path: str) -> str:
    """Look for the demo directory based on the test file name."""
    path = normpath(os.path.dirname(path))
    while True:
        subdirs = [f.path for f in os.scandir(path) if f.is_dir()]
        subdirs = [os.path.basename(d) for d in subdirs]
        if "demo" in subdirs:
            return os.path.join(path, "demo")
        new_path = normpath(os.path.join(path, os.path.pardir))
        assert new_path != path
        path = new_path


def normpath(path: str) -> str:
    return os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))


def data_dir(path: str) -> str:
    return os.path.join(demo_dir(path), "data")


def load_agaricus(path: str) -> Tuple[xgb.DMatrix, xgb.DMatrix]:
    dpath = data_dir(path)
    dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(os.path.join(dpath, "agaricus.txt.train?format=libsvm"))
    dtest = xgb.DMatrix(os.path.join(dpath, "agaricus.txt.test?format=libsvm"))
    return dtrain, dtest


def project_root(path: str) -> str:
    return normpath(os.path.join(demo_dir(path), os.path.pardir))


def run_with_rabit(
    world_size: int, test_fn: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
) -> None:
    exception_queue: queue.Queue = queue.Queue()

    def run_worker(rabit_env: Dict[str, Union[str, int]]) -> None:
        try:
            with xgb.collective.CommunicatorContext(**rabit_env):
                test_fn(*args, **kwargs)
        except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            exception_queue.put(e)

    tracker = RabitTracker(host_ip="127.0.0.1", n_workers=world_size)
    tracker.start()

    workers = []
    for _ in range(world_size):
        worker = threading.Thread(target=run_worker, args=(tracker.worker_args(),))
        workers.append(worker)
        worker.start()
    for worker in workers:
        worker.join()
        assert exception_queue.empty(), f"Worker failed: {exception_queue.get()}"

    tracker.wait_for()


def column_split_feature_names(
    feature_names: List[Union[str, int]], world_size: int
) -> List[str]:
    """Get the global list of feature names from the local feature names."""
    return [
        f"{rank}.{feature}" for rank in range(world_size) for feature in feature_names
    ]


def is_windows() -> bool:
    """Check if the current platform is Windows."""
    return platform.system() == "Windows"
